What is Natural Gas Compression and Why Do We Need It?
Natural gas compression is a mechanical process in which natural gas is compressed to a smaller volume, resulting in a higher pressure. Because our domestic natural gas pipeline system is generally designed to move gas at increasing pressures from wellhead to end-market, natural gas compression is required throughout all stages of the value chain.
Once raw natural gas has been produced, it is gathered at the wellhead and transported through smaller-diameter pipelines called gathering systems. Gathering systems take the natural gas to central locations for processing and treating, before ultimately being put into long-haul pipelines for further transportation and distribution. Compression is used to facilitate the movement of the natural gas from the smaller-scale gathering systems, through central delivery points, and into larger-scale, higher volume regional gathering systems.
Additionally, at various points between the wellhead and the major transportation pipelines, the natural gas stream must be purified to remove other hydrocarbons (ethane, propane, butane, pentanes) and impurities (water vapor, hydrogen sulfide, carbon dioxide, etc.). Natural gas compression is often utilized in these various processing and treating processes.